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?Molecular data (28S, total evidence: Bruvo-Madaric et al. 2005) The studies by Bruvo-Madaric et al. (2005) and Dimitrov et al. (2013) found a closer relationship between Holocnemus and Crossopriza than of both to Smeringopus and Smeringopina (no further Smeringopinae were sequenced). The study by Astrin et al. (2007) failed to replicate these results. |